Performance characteristics and application of linear guide screw

　　隨著現(xiàn)代制造技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，使得傳統(tǒng)的制造業(yè)發(fā)生了巨大的變化，數(shù)控技術(shù)、機電一體化和工業(yè)機器人在生產(chǎn)中得到了更加廣泛的應(yīng)用。同時機械傳動機構(gòu)的定位精度、導(dǎo)向精度和進給速度在不斷提高，使傳統(tǒng)的導(dǎo)向機構(gòu)發(fā)生了重大變化。自 1973年開始商品化以來，滾動直線導(dǎo)軌副以其獨有的特性，逐漸取代了傳統(tǒng)的滑動直線導(dǎo)軌，在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。適應(yīng)了現(xiàn)今機械對于高精度、高速度、節(jié)約能源以及縮短產(chǎn)品開發(fā)周期的要求，已被廣泛應(yīng)用在各種重型組合加工機床、數(shù)控機床、高精度電火花切割機、磨床、工業(yè)用機器人乃一般產(chǎn)業(yè)用的機械中。

　　With the continuous development of modern manufacturing technology, great changes have taken place in the traditional manufacturing industry. CNC technology, mechatronics and industrial robots have been more widely used in production. At the same time, the positioning accuracy, guiding accuracy and feeding speed of mechanical transmission mechanism are constantly improving, which makes the traditional guiding mechanism have undergone significant changes. Since its commercialization in 1973, the rolling linear guideway pair has gradually replaced the traditional sliding linear guideway with its unique characteristics, and has been widely used in industrial production. It adapts to the requirements of high precision, high speed, energy saving and shortening product development cycle of modern machinery, and has been widely used in various heavy-duty modular machine tools, CNC machine tools, high-precision EDM, grinders, industrial robots and even general industrial machinery.

　　滾動直線導(dǎo)軌的性能特點

　　Performance Characteristics of Rolling Linear Guideway

　　1.定位精度高

　　1. High positioning accuracy

　　滾動直線導(dǎo)軌的運動借助鋼球滾動實現(xiàn)，導(dǎo)軌副摩擦阻力小，動靜摩擦阻力差值小，低速時不易產(chǎn)生爬行。重復(fù)定位精度高，適合作頻繁啟動或換向的運動部件?？蓪C床定位精度設(shè)定到超微米級。同時根據(jù)需要，適當(dāng)增加預(yù)載荷，確保鋼球不發(fā)生滑動，實現(xiàn)平穩(wěn)運動，減小了運動的沖擊和振動。

　　The motion of rolling linear guideway is realized by rolling steel ball. The friction resistance of guideway pair is small, the difference between dynamic and static friction resistance is small, and it is not easy to crawl at low speed. Repeated positioning accuracy is high, suitable for frequent start or commutation of moving parts. The positioning accuracy of machine tools can be set to ultra-micro meter level. At the same time, according to the need, the preload should be properly increased to ensure that the steel ball does not slip, to achieve smooth movement, and to reduce the impact and vibration of the movement.

　　2.磨損小

　　2. wear little.

　　對于滑動導(dǎo)軌面的流體潤滑，由于油膜的浮動，產(chǎn)生的運動精度誤差是無法避免的。在絕大多數(shù)情況下，流體潤滑只限于邊界區(qū)域，由金屬接觸而產(chǎn)生的直接摩擦是無法避免的，在這種摩擦中，大量的能量以摩擦損耗被浪費掉了。與之相反，滾動接觸由于摩擦耗能小，滾動面的摩擦損耗也相應(yīng)減少，故能使?jié)L動直線導(dǎo)軌系統(tǒng)長期處于高精度狀態(tài)。同時，由于使用潤滑油也很少，這使得在機床的潤滑系統(tǒng)設(shè)計及使用維護方面都變的非常容易。

　　For the fluid lubrication of sliding guide surface, the motion accuracy error is unavoidable due to the floating oil film. In most cases, fluid lubrication is confined to the boundary area, and direct friction caused by metal contact is unavoidable. In this friction, a large amount of energy is wasted by friction loss. On the contrary, the rolling contact can make the rolling linear guideway system in high precision for a long time because of the small friction energy consumption and the corresponding reduction of the friction loss of the rolling surface. At the same time, due to the use of lubricating oil is also very few, which makes the lubrication system design and use and maintenance of machine tools become very easy.

　　3.適應(yīng)高速運動且大幅降低驅(qū)動功率

　　3. Adapt to high-speed motion and greatly reduce driving power

　　采用滾動直線導(dǎo)軌的機床由于摩擦阻力小，可使所需的動力源及動力傳遞機構(gòu)小型化，使驅(qū)動扭矩大大減少，使機床所需電力降低80%，效果明顯?？蓪崿F(xiàn)機床的高速運動，提高機床的工作效率20~30%。

　　Because of the small friction resistance, the machine tool with rolling linear guide can miniaturize the power source and power transmission mechanism needed, greatly reduce the driving torque, reduce the power required by the machine tool by 80%, and achieve obvious energy-saving effect. It can realize the high-speed movement of the machine tool and improve the working efficiency of the machine tool by 20-30%.

　　4.承載能力強

　　4. Strong bearing capacity

　　滾動直線導(dǎo)軌副具有較好的承載性能，可以承受不同方向的力和力矩載荷，如承受上下左右方向的力,以及顛簸力矩、搖動力矩和擺動力矩。因此，具有很好的載荷適應(yīng)性。在設(shè)計制造中加以適當(dāng)?shù)念A(yù)加載荷可以增加阻尼，以提高抗振性，同時可以高頻振動現(xiàn)象。而滑動導(dǎo)軌在平行接觸面方向可承受的側(cè)向負(fù)荷較小，易造成機床運行精度不良。

　　The rolling linear guide pair has good load-bearing performance, and can withstand forces and moment loads in different directions, such as ups and downs, left and right directions, as well as bumping, rolling and swing moments. Therefore, it has good load adaptability. Appropriate preloading in design and manufacture can increase damping, improve vibration resistance and eliminate high frequency vibration. The sliding guide bears less lateral load in the direction of parallel contact surface, which easily results in poor accuracy of machine tool operation.

　　5.組裝容易并具互換性

　　5. Easy assembly and interchangeability

　　傳統(tǒng)的滑動導(dǎo)軌必須對導(dǎo)軌面進行刮研，既費事又費時，且一旦機床精度不良，必須再刮研一次。滾動導(dǎo)軌具有互換性，只要更換滑塊或?qū)к壔蛘麄€滾動導(dǎo)軌副，機床即可重新獲得高精度。

　　The traditional sliding guide must scrape and grind the surface of the guide, which is time-consuming and time-consuming, and once the accuracy of the machine tool is poor, it must be scraped and grinded again. Rolling guides are interchangeable. As long as the slider or guide rail or the whole rolling guideway pair is replaced, the machine tool can get high precision again.

　　如前所述，由于滾珠在導(dǎo)軌與滑塊之間的相對運動為滾動，可減少摩擦損失。通常滾動摩擦系數(shù)為滑動摩擦系數(shù)的2%左右，因此采用滾動導(dǎo)軌的傳動機構(gòu)遠優(yōu)越于傳統(tǒng)滑動導(dǎo)軌。
                               

　　As mentioned earlier, the friction loss can be reduced because the relative motion of the ball between the guide rail and the slider is rolling. Generally, the rolling friction coefficient is about 2% of the sliding friction coefficient, so the driving mechanism using rolling guides is far superior to the traditional sliding guides.

　　滾動直線導(dǎo)軌副的選用方法

　　Selection Method of Rolling Linear Guide Pair

　　滾動直線導(dǎo)軌副具有承載能力大、接觸剛性高、可靠性高等特點，主要在機床的床身、工作臺導(dǎo)軌和立柱上、下升降導(dǎo)軌上使用。我們在選用時可以根據(jù)負(fù)荷大小，受載荷方向、沖擊和振動大小等情況來選擇。

　　The rolling linear guide pair has the characteristics of large bearing capacity, high contact rigidity and high reliability. It is mainly used on machine tool bed, worktable guide rail, upright and downward guide rail on column. We can choose according to the load size, load direction, impact and vibration magnitude.

　　1.受力方向

　　1. Force direction

　　由于滾動直線導(dǎo)軌副的滑塊與導(dǎo)軌上通常有4列圓弧滾道，因此能承受4個方向的負(fù)荷和翻轉(zhuǎn)力矩。導(dǎo)軌承受能力隨滾道中心距增大而加大。

　　Because there are usually four rows of arc raceways on the slider and guide rail of rolling linear guide pair, it can withstand load and overturning moment in four directions. The bearing capacity of the guide rails increases with the increase of the center distance of the raceway.

　　2.負(fù)荷大小

　　2. Load size

　　滾動直線導(dǎo)軌不同規(guī)格有著不同的承載能力，可根據(jù)承受負(fù)荷大小選擇。為使每副滾動直線導(dǎo)軌均有比較理想的使用壽命，可根據(jù)所選廠家提供的近似公式計算額定壽命和額定小時壽命，以便給定合理的維修和更換周期。還要考慮滑塊承受載荷后，每個滑塊滾動阻力的影響，進行滾動阻力的計算，以便確定合理的驅(qū)動力。

　　Different specifications of rolling linear guide have different bearing capacity, which can be selected according to the size of bearing load. In order to make each pair of rolling linear guides have ideal service life, the rated service life and the rated hourly service life can be calculated according to the approximate formula provided by the selected manufacturer, so as to give a reasonable maintenance and replacement cycle. Considering the influence of rolling resistance of each slider after bearing load, the rolling resistance is calculated to determine the reasonable driving force.

　　3.預(yù)加負(fù)載的選擇

　　3. Selection of preload

　　根據(jù)設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)的沖擊、振動情況以及精度要求，選擇合適的預(yù)壓值。

　　According to the impact, vibration and accuracy requirements of the designed structure, the appropriate preloading value is selected.